Cable is cable. What makes a difference is the gauge size, and the wire construction.
Larger wire gauges (lower number is larger) have lower resistance per foot. The total resistance of the wire and the return path through the chassis of the car, will determine the voltage drop. The speed at which the starter motor turns is a function of the voltage.
Some cable may be made of aluminum or CCA (Copper Clad Aluminum). You don't want to use this stuff. It looks big, but has MUCH higher resitance. The number of strands determines how easy it is to bend the wire. More strands means it is easier to go around corners. The wire gets its AWG rating based on resistance per foot so a 4G wire with 1600 strands has the same capacity as a 4G wire with 12 strands.
The insulator is very important. You want cable rated for 105 degrees C. Cables get hot and you don't want the insulator to melt. The ampacity of the cable, (a measure of how much current you can run through the cable safely), is dependent, in part, on the melting point of the insulator.
Keep in mind that the car, when running does not run off the battery, it runs off the output of the alternator. The battery is actually just another load on the alternator as it is being charged. The battery charging current is only a small fraction of the current that the battery puts out when turning the starter. The battery is charged through the same wire as its output.
When you move the battery, the main thing you have to do is to keep the resistance of the battery to starter cable the same as the shorter cable you are replacing. IF you can make really good connections to the chassis, it will have a lower resistance than just about any cable. This will require you to make up a short cable running from the chassis to the original ground location on the block. All of the connections must be very good. If you are in doubt about the connections, then you should run a ground cable from the battery to the original ground point on the block, where the original battery cable was connected.
There is no need to change the cable from the starter solenoid the to starter motor. Moving the battery has no effect on this part of the circuit.
Remember, it is Ohms LAW, not ohms suggestion.